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As this decision involves 'a mixed question of law and fact that is peculiarly fact-sensitive, we review it for clear error.' United States v. Once such an explanation is given, the district court must then decide whether the objecting party 'has carried the ultimate burden of proving that the strike constituted purposeful discrimination on the basis of race.' Id. If the objecting party 'fulfills this requirement by establishing, say, a prima facie case of a racially driven impetus,' the party seeking to use the challenge 'must proffer a race-neutral explanation for having challenged the juror.' Id. First, the party objecting to the challenge 'must make a prima facie showing of discrimination' in the opposing party's use of the challenge. We employ a three-part framework to evaluate the claim that the use of a peremptory challenge violated Batson. 'We review denials of leave to amend under Rule 15 for abuse of discretion, deferring to the district court for any adequate reason apparent from the record.' Resolution Trust Corp. The district court affirmed the decision without comment.

After a hearing on the issue, the magistrate judge denied leave to amend, holding that the amendment sought by Richards would be futile because 'there is a requirement that for the action of tortious interference with contractual relations to be maintained the defendant must be a stranger to the contract,' and Sunderland was not a stranger to the contract between Richards and Relentless. Relentless objected to the amendment, and the motion was referred to the magistrate judge.

Richards argued that Sunderland interfered with Relentless's contractual burden to pay Richards's daily maintenance during his period of convalescence because Sunderland set its maximum payment at $15 per day. Prior to trial, Richards moved to amend his complaint to add a claim against Sunderland, the defendant's insurance carrier, for tortious interference with the employment relationship between Richards and Relentless.

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